Computer structure: simply explained the components of a PC

If you don't want to want to a PC anymore, you can The computer also put together yourself. However, a prerequisite for Dream PC «Brand Self-Made» is one Basic knowledge of hardware architecturereason why beginners are already already with the Selection of the right components fail. Building a computer alone is not missile science. In this post you will find out Everything that is important in the «computer and function of the computer»We also explain what is going on inside your computer.

1. The structure of a computer to an overview

1.1. The processor / CPU – The heart

THE The heart of a computer is the processorThe CPU so called («central processing unit»). She is on a special base on the main card And it is equipped with an additional fan for cooling. The main processors manufacturers are AMD and Intel.

Dying CPU performs all the calculations required for the operation of the computer And for this purpose it has a tax and calculation work. For this purpose, the binary system is used, which consists exclusively of 0 and 1 and with which it is possible to perform all mathematical operations (for example addition or multiplication).

Good to know: The more calculation operations per second can perform a CPU, the more powerful it is.

1.2. The main card – The brain

The main card («mainboard» English or «motherboard») is one of the basic components of the computer, because All other components are connected to it and connected. In addition to a processor base and connectors for power supply and units, there are also Plants for the RAM and various expansion cards ready.

When choosing the main card, you must always be used that the processor chosen is also performed on it. In other words: The CPU must combine the slot on its main table.

Most current Intel processors require a base 1151modern AMD-CPUS However, you need a Socket am4.

Mainboard are in Different variants and price ranges offered. When you buy, however, you should ensure you At least one digital interface (View the door or DVI) e as many USB ports as possible for the suburbs They are available.

1.3. RAM / RAM – Short -term memory

The RAM, or RAM for short («random access memory»), is a faster Temporary memory in which the operating system interpends the processes and applications. Each program that open on the PC during your work uses data in the RAM for the first time. If you turn off or restart your computer, it will be emptied automatically And the place released again.

In current computer models, the RAM size is between 4 and 16 GB. Although now there are also modules with 32 or 64 GB, these are still very expensive.

With computer system settings you can easily determine how much ram is installed in it:

Tipp: Often further plus can be reached at speed if two small ones are installed instead of a large memory bar (for example, instead of 16 GB twice 8 GB).

1.4. The hard drive: long -term memory

The hard drive (English: «hard disk», HDD) is something similar to the long -term memory of your computer. She is that Main means of storage on the file All your photos, guaranteed programs and documents become. If you start a program, for example, the operating system gets the information requested from the hard drive.

To do this, it becomes A magnetic storage system based on rotating slices Used on the surface of which the data are stored. When writing, this surface is magnetized without contact and values ​​are therefore converted into understandable data while reading.

Another form of the rigid discs are the SSDs so called («solid state disc»), which They are based on Flash Store And with it clearly more robust and less sensitive to mechanical errors I am. For this reason, they are mainly used in the notebooks. Compared to conventional HDD it is The access time about five times fasterTherefore, the SSD should mainly serve to install the operating system and the execution of programs, which require a high level of performance.

1.5. The graphics card – The interpreter

The graphics card is used The processes of your PC To be implemented in images, graphics and understandable signsthen on an interface (VGA, DVI, HDMI ODER DISPLAYPORT) to be viewed on a monitor. Traditionally, the CPU calculates the data and Then he leads them to the graphics cardwhere they are then converted.

The graphics card is inserted on the mainboard or is already integrated («on board»). Most of the current models are also included a separate processorThe GPU so called («graphic processing unit»), which is used, for example, in demanding games, To relieve the CPU.

1.6. The network card establishes contact with the outside world

The network card («Network Interface Controller», NIC) is the interface with the help you Connect computers to a network permanently And it can replace the data. It is inserted on the main tab as a card or is already installed on board.

A distinction must be made between two types of network:

• AA connection Lan («Local area network») usually takes place via cable via an Ethernet card.
• For A wireless connection to a WLAN («Network of local wireless area»), on the other hand, needs a corresponding WLAN card.

Has a conventional Ethernet card normally Just a connection for a RJ45 network plugBut now there are also special models with a maximum of six connections.

Good to know: Many notebooks do not have more than one network tied network card. Most connections are now carried out exclusively through WLAN.

1.7. Talk to your suburban computer

In order to interact with your PC, appropriate input and visualization devices are also necessary.

You will send your items to your computer using a keyboard and a mouse. In this way, they move the cursor and touch texts or commands with which they cause actions.

The results are then displayed on a monitor, projector or projector.

Good to know: In addition to the main components, it is possible to expand the computer for more efficient use with various additional components. These include, for example, CD or DVD units, burners, printers and scanners, papers or speakers. These components can be part of a computer, but they are absolutely not necessary for the operation.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vnblo3xqri

2. Simply explained: this is happening inside your computer

You have just known the most important components of a computer and obviously you rightly wonder what happens when I serve it. We show you the processes inside the housing using a simple example.

This happens when you write a text in question:

1. The PC lights up. The operating system begins From the hard drive.
2. After starting, open your writing program. The application data is read by the HDD And loaded in the RAM.
3. Touch the desired text. DThe keyboard sends this In the form of electrical impulses To the main card. From there they are forwarded to the CPU.
4. Together with the graphic card, the processor carries out the necessary calculations And send the result to the screen.
5. The text type is now on the monitor. This is found Currently still in the RAM.
6. So that you too are written still available after a restart If you have to save the file on the hard drive.

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